What the evidence actually says about peptides

Product Transference Study of Testagen™ TDS®-Testosterone

ClinicalTrials.gov

This study will assess the potential of Testagen® TDS-Testosterone to enable transfer of Testosterone to females coming in contact with skin to which Testagen® TDS-Testosterone has been applied and the potential of product to raise serum androgen levels in those women.

Mitophagy and Mitochondrial DNA Dynamics During Ramadan Dry Fasting vs 16:8 Time-Restricted Feeding

ClinicalTrials.gov

This study investigates how different types of fasting affect cell health, specifically focusing on how mitochondria (the energy-producing parts of cells) are cleared and renewed.

Kisspeptin-10/basal LH ratio improves differentiation of central precocious puberty and premature thelarche

Banerjee AA, Bhanarkar SR, Kashikar S, Keshwani R, Walia S, Kavya DR, Bombe S, Pande S, Modi DN, Pathak BR, Joshi B, Tandon D, Patil A, Begum S, Mahale SD, Rao S, Surve SV. · Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry

Background Distinguishing idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) from premature thelarche (PT) remains a clinical challenge and often necessitates GnRH stimulation testing.

Two-Part Study of the Effects of the X39 Patch on Circulating GHK and GHK-Cu Levels in Healthy Adults

ClinicalTrials.gov

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate GHK and GHK-Cu blood levels pre- and post-intervention in healthy adults, and to investigate the efficacy of X39 patch on GHK and GHK-Cu blood levels in healthy adults compared to a placebo.

Impact of BPC-157 on Recovery Following Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery

ClinicalTrials.gov

This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial investigating the effects of BPC-157 on tendon healing and functional recovery following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (aRCR).

Dual role of Kisspeptin-10 in modulating neuroinflammation: Downregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis, and activation of BAG3-dependent aggrephagy in microglial cells

Kalkan ÖF, Erdem Ş, Erdem M, Ateşer Kalkan S, Şahin Z, Uzun AY, Kurt AK, Karahan SC. · Neuropeptides

Background Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a central role in the neuroinflammatory cascade that contributes to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases.

Kisspeptin to Quantify GnRH Neuronal Function in Health and Disease

ClinicalTrials.gov

The objective of this protocol is to use a case-control paradigm to compare the response to an intravenous administration of kisspeptin in individuals with and without post-covid-19 syndrome. The study subjects will receive a single bolus of kisspeptin.

The KISS1/KISS1R Axis in Human Placentation: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Foetal Growth Restriction and Pre-Eclampsia

Gyokova E, Hristova-Atanasova E, Dimitrova K. · International journal of molecular sciences

Pre-eclampsia and foetal growth restriction (FGR) are major pregnancy complications primarily driven by placental dysfunction, and remain leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity.

Algae-Derived Bioactives Reprogram the Gut-SIRT1-Kisspeptin Axis in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Mustika A, Gorica E, Harbuwono DS, Kurniawati EM, Hadinata E, Hidayat AA, Siahaan SCPT, Hendarto H, Santini A, Nurkolis F. · Marine drugs

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly recognized as a complex, multi-system disorder involving interactions among metabolic dysfunction, chronic low-grade inflammation, and neuroendocrine dysregulation, rather than a condition confined to the ovary.

Kisspeptin made in the preoptic area is required for normal estradiol-induced LH surges and optimal fertility in females

Puffer MS, Yang J, Esparza LA, Rose L, Duong V, Radovick S, Kauffman AS. · Endocrinology

Ovulation is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion from the pituitary. The LH surge is itself driven by a surge in gonadotropin-releasing hormone release induced by estrogen positive feedback action in the hypothalamus.

Prolonged oscillating preoptic area kisspeptin neuron activity underlies the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in mice

Zhou Z, Huang CY, Herbison AE. · eLife

The population of kisspeptin neurons located in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) is thought to have a key role in generating the GnRH surge that triggers ovulation.

IGF-1 supplementation improves <i>in vitro</i> maturation quality of <i>Capra hircus</i> oocytes via PDE3A activation, gap junction remodeling, apoptosis suppression, and kisspeptin signaling

Widjiati W, Luqman EM, Darsini N, Aulanni'am A, Hendrawan VF, Kurniawati DY, Jaafar WNFBW. · Frontiers in veterinary science

Introduction Although follicular development and oocyte competence depend on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), its optimal dose and molecular mechanisms during goat in vitro maturation (IVM) remain unclear.

Kisspeptin exacerbates androgen-induced follicular dysplasia by promoting Drp1 phosphorylation imbalance and mitochondrial excessive fission in granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome

Li X, He Y, Wang Y, Han L, Wang Y, Zhang H, Tian W. · Journal of ovarian research

BACKGROUND: An excess of androgens induces follicular dysplasia. Kisspeptin is a polypeptide hormone that is expressed in both the central nervous system and ovary, and it is correlated with follicle development.

KNDy kisspeptin is required for metabolic homeostasis in female mice in an ovarian hormone-independent manner

Nandankar N, Negrón AL, Ganesh H, Youssef N, Farooq S, Al-Samerria S, Levine JE, Radovick S. · Journal of neuroendocrinology

Disorders of gonadotropin pulsatility contribute to reproductive dysfunction in humans and are often associated with metabolic dysfunction.

Atrazine alters kisspeptin signaling and downstream neuroendocrine regulation following embryonic exposure in zebrafish

Stradtman SC, Sathisaran U, Dierolf BK, Sumner G, Tamagno WA, Freeman JL. · Toxicology

Atrazine is an herbicide used to control broadleaf and grassy weeds but is also a known endocrine disrupting chemical classified by the US EPA for its effect on the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge.

Dlk1-deficient mice achieve puberty despite low body weight and low levels of leptin and kisspeptin

Macedo DB, Pereira SA, Wang M, Kyeol HK, Carroll RS, Latronico AC, Abreu AP, Kaiser UB. · Journal of neuroendocrinology

Loss-of-function mutations in DLK1, encoding Delta Like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1, have been linked to central precocious puberty (CPP) and increased body fat in girls, suggesting a role in the connection between metabolism and reproduction.

Kisspeptin as a Precision Biomarker in Personalized Pharmacy: Implications for Individualized Monitoring of Early Pregnancy Viability

Paunova A, Mollova-Kyosebekirova A, Koleva M, Uchikova E, Parahuleva N. · Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)

Background Precision medicine aims to improve early, individualized risk stratification using biologically relevant biomarkers. In early pregnancy, markers reflecting placental function remain limited.

Dynamic changes of Kisspeptin during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in polycystic ovary syndrome patients and its correlation with COH outcomes

Han L, Wang Y, Li Y, Li X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Chen H, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xue F, Tian W. · Frontiers in endocrinology

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of anovulatory infertility in women, and patients often exhibit ovarian hyperresponse during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in assisted reproductive technology.

Daily Rhythmic Changes in Kisspeptin Gene Expression and Testosterone Hormone in Male Syrian Hamsters (<i>Mesocricetus auratus</i>)

Balkan Eİ, Gündüz B. · Zoological science

This study examines how testosterone levels and kisspeptin gene expression are affected in male Syrian hamsters following pinealectomy and photoperiod modification.

Dynamic modulation of LH secretion by continuous kisspeptin infusion in healthy men

Naveed A, Lippincott MF, Stamou M, Balasubramanian R, Bryant NK, Seminara SB. · Hormones (Athens, Greece)

Purpose Kisspeptin stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release and, by extension, gonadotropin secretion.

Stress as a Neuroendocrine Modulator of the Reproductive Axis: Roles of Glucocorticoids, Kisspeptin, and Serotonergic Signalling in Animal Models

Chisupa CO, Manchishi SM. · Neuroendocrinology

Background Reproductive dysfunction is a major health concern affecting men and women globally, mediated by the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as strongly influenced by exposure to stress.

Kisspeptin-54 attenuates acute lung injury in septic mice through AMPK-mediated suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome

Wang X, Zou Z, Huang H. · Neuropeptides

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains a leading cause of death in intensive care, yet targeted therapies are lacking. Kisspeptin-54 is a neuropeptide primarily known for reproductive regulation, though its role in sepsis is unexplored.

Stigmasterol alleviates central precocious puberty by targeting the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and modulating the Kisspeptin/GnRH axis

Dong L, Xing Y, Li X, Xu B, Chen H. · Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease

Background Central precocious puberty (CPP) results from premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, causing early sexual development and related health risks. Stigmasterol (ST), a natural phytosterol with diverse pharmacological activities, has not been fully evaluated for CPP.

Naringenin protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury following unilateral nephrectomy via modulation of oxidative stress and kisspeptin expression

Sahin-Buyukkorkmaz L, Tasdemir S, Ozhan O, Eranil I, Tanbek K, Vardi N, Gozukara-Bag HG, Acet A, Parlakpinar H. · International urology and nephrology

Background Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury, mediated by oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and apoptosis. Naringenin (NRG), a citrus flavonoid, exerts antioxidant and anti-apoptotic actions, yet its role in renal kisspeptin signaling during IR injury remains unexplored.

Dynamic Profiles of Serum Kisspeptin and Delta-Like 1 Homolog during Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation in Central Precocious Puberty and Premature Thelarche

Paisansukanant K, Chatdamrongsakool K, Chotipakornkul N, Aroonpakmongkol S, Wacharasindhu S, Supornsilchai V, Srilanchakon K. · Neuroendocrinology

Introduction The neuropeptides kisspeptin and delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) regulate pubertal timing by activating and inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, respectively.

Kisspeptin Signaling Suppresses HRas^G12V-induced Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Inhibiting SP1-dependent N-cadherin Expression in NIH3T3 Cells

Hwang HH, Cho SG. · Anticancer research

Background/aim Kisspeptin signaling is recognized as a metastasis-suppressive pathway, but its role in oncogenic HRAS-driven tumor progression remains incompletely understood.

Hyperkisspeptinemia and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis uncoupling in hemodialysis patients: clinical evidence suggestive of central desensitization

Lan N, Ye D, Li M, Zeng F, Xue C, Chen Z, Shao Q, Liu J, Liu N, Yang B. · Clinical kidney journal

Background Reproductive and sexual dysfunction (uremic hypogonadism) are pervasive in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, yet the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms remain poorly understood. Kisspeptin is the master upstream regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.

Seminal Plasma Kisspeptin-1 and Kisspeptin-54 Levels Are Associated With Semen Parameters and Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility

Korkmaz O, Karabulut S, Macit P. · Clinical endocrinology

Objective Kisspeptin-1 and Kisspeptin-54 are key regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and may play a role in male reproductive function.

Kisspeptin System: A Modulator of Neuroinflammation and Behaviour in Temporal Lobe Epileptic Rats

Jaldhi, Kumar S, Shanker OR, Banerjee J, Dixit AB, Maurya SK, Bakshi A. · Molecular neurobiology

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent form of drug-resistant epilepsy and is driven by persistent neuroinflammatory cascades wherein interactions between inflammatory mediators and hormones play a crucial role.

Effects of high frequency administration of GnRH or kisspeptin on LH pulse and surge profiles in ovariectomized Bos taurus and Bos indicus heifers†

eSilva LO, West S, Garza V, Sustaita-Monroe J, King L, Sellers H, Weynand M, Feist H, Perry G, Sartori R, Cardoso RC. · Biology of reproduction

We hypothesized that high-frequency stimulation with kisspeptin or GnRH, mimicking increased GnRH pulsatility, would amplify the GnRH-induced LH surge in heifers. Additionally, LH pulse and surge parameters were compared between Bos taurus and Bos indicus heifers.

Follicular kisspeptin-VEGF axis in polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Korkmaz O, Karabulut S, Macit P. · Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics

Purpose Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) are characterized by excessive follicular activity and profound alterations in the ovarian microenvironment.

Five primary melanomas in situ in a patient with recent tanning bed use, melanotan exposure, and anabolic hormone use

Vadner DJ, Smith S. · JAAD case reports

A Prospective, Active‐Controlled Split‐Face Clinical Trial Evaluating the Incremental Aesthetic Benefits of a Glutathione‐Containing Booster in a GHK‐Conjugated Spicule Regimen

Noh S, Hong W, Choi H, Park Y, Rhee D. · Journal of cosmetic dermatology

Copper peptide activated cascade catalysis for glucose regulation and hypoxia reversing in infected diabetic wound healing

Huang ZJ, Huang RF, Jiao PP, Zheng S, Wang M, Teng FW, Chen T, Zhou ZS, Wang GH, Jiao GL. · Materials today. Bio

Starvation therapy has emerged as a promising strategy in diabetic wounds treating by regulating glucose level to deplete microbial nutrients without inducing antimicrobial resistance. However, this process consumes large amounts of oxygen, exacerbating wound hypoxia and compromising therapeutic efficacy.

Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine as a novel co-former in co-amorphous systems: Enhanced aqueous solubility and physical stability

Huang Q, Zou Z, Cheng D, Gao R, Zhou L, Wu W, Yuan Y, Chun C, Huang Y, Liang G, Wu W. · European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences

Co-amorphous systems have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Although amino acids have been widely studied as co-formers, some amino acid-based co-amorphous systems exhibit limited dissolution improvement and inadequate physical stability.

Recombinant Human Thymosin Beta 4 for Injection(NL005) for Acute Myocardial Infarction

ClinicalTrials.gov

Thymosin beta 4: An emerging therapeutic candidate for kidney diseases

Peptides

Conventional Antiarrhythmics Class I-IV, Late INa Inhibitors, IKs Enhancers, RyR2 Stabilizers, Gap Junction Modulators, Atrial-Selective Antiarrhythmics, and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Useful Cytoprotective Therapy in Arrhythmias

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Aortic Wall Remodeling by Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 After Unilateral Adrenalectomy in Rats

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

Tendon, Ligament, and Muscle Injury, Osteotendinous, Myotendinous, and Muscle-to-Bone Junction Therapy Perspectives with Growth Factors and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157-A Review

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

Predictive value of serum β-hCG and blastocyst transfer for clinical pregnancy after frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study

Le Y, Yang S, Zhu M, Wang T, Shen G, Zhou Y, Peng L. · BMC pregnancy and childbirth

Aim To evaluate the predictive value of serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) measured at 11-14 days after frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) for clinical pregnancy, and to explore the potential associations of blastocyst transfer and other serum markers (total protein, albumin, red blood cell distribution w…

Effects of Preovulatory hCG Administration on Follicular Dynamics, Reproductive Hemodynamics, Nitric Oxide, and VEGF Levels in Mares

Abdelnaby EA, Alhaider AK, Emam IA, Al Qarnin HS. · Veterinary sciences

This study aimed to determine the action of a single dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on follicular dynamics, CL functionality, ovarian (OV.A) and uterine arteries (MUA) blood flow, hormones (estradiol [E2] and luteinizing hormone [LH]), nitric oxide (NO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels…

Redefining "Normal" for hCG in postmenopausal women: 97.5th percentile reference intervals and 99th percentile thresholds across four chemiluminescence immunoassay systems

Zhu X, Wang J, Hou L, Zhang Y, Liu X, Gao X, Liu P, Xia L, Li J. · Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry

Background and objective Physiological human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) elevations in postmenopausal women are prone to misclassification as pathological. Substantial inter-system variation exists among immunoassays, and system-specific reference intervals (RIs) for this population have not been established.

Combined hCG and ketoprofen treatment improves dairy cow pregnancy rates through proposed complementary mechanisms: Luteal metabolic reprogramming and endometrial PGF2α suppression

Kolachi HA, Zhang X, Shahzad M, Ayantoye JO, Shanga RH, Peng P, Wan P, Wang K, Zhao X. · Animal reproduction science

We investigated whether combining human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) with ketoprofen after timed artificial insemination (TAI) improves pregnancy rates and explored the underlying mechanisms through serum metabolomics and in vitro endometrial cell analysis.

GnRH agonist with low-dose hCG (dual Trigger) versus GnRH agonist only trigger in high responders in GnRH antagonist cycle : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Syam HH, Bayuaji H, Tjahyadi D, Rachmawati A, Ritonga MA, Adrianto N. · Gynecologic and obstetric investigation

Introduction Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) remains a serious complication of assisted reproductive technology, particularly in high ovarian responders.

Before Orchiectomy: Gonadal Function in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors—A Narrative Review

Kaltsas A, Giannakodimos I, Kratiras Z, Sofikitis N, Chrisofos M. · Journal of clinical medicine

Persistent Low-Level hCG After Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia Remission: Treatment-Free Probability Stratified by Early hCG Course

Ji M, Zhao J, Xia L, Wan X, Feng F, Yang J, Jiang F, Xiang Y. · Cancers

Background/Objectives : To determine treatment-free probability after persistent low-level human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) elevation following complete remission from gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) and examine its association with the early hCG course.

LHCGR phamacodynamic effects during follicular maturation

Perri C, Casarini L, Lazzaretti C. · Frontiers in endocrinology

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are glycoprotein hormones that regulate human reproduction.